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Although studying creativity is considered a legitimate scientific discipline nowadays, it is still a very young one. In the early s, a psychologist named J.
Guilford was one of the first academic researchers who dared to conduct a study of creativity. He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. Today many people are familiar with this puzzle and its solution. In the s, dissertation extradition johnston torture, however, very few were even aware of its existence, even though it had been around for almost a century.
If you have tried solving this puzzle, you can confirm that your first attempts usually involve sketching lines inside the imaginary square. The correct solution, however, requires you to draw lines that extend beyond the area defined by the dots. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the illusory confinement and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots, dissertation extradition johnston torture.
The symmetry, the beautiful simplicity of the solution, and the fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford and the readers of his books to leap to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box.
The idea went viral via s-era media and word of mouth, of course, dissertation extradition johnston torture. Overnight, it seemed that creativity gurus everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. Management consultants in the s and s even used this puzzle when making sales pitches to prospective clients. Because the solution is, in hindsight, deceptively simple, dissertation extradition johnston torture, clients tended to admit they should have thought of it themselves.
Or so their consultants would have them believe. There seemed to be no end to the insights that could be offered under the banner of thinking outside the box. Speakers, trainers, training program developers, organizational consultants, and university professors all had much to say about the vast benefits of outside-the-box thinking. It was an appealing and apparently convincing message.
Indeed, the concept enjoyed such strong popularity and intuitive appeal that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams—Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, dissertation extradition johnston torture Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg—ran another experiment using the same puzzle but a different research procedure.
Both teams followed the same protocol of dividing participants into two groups. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box bordering the dot dissertation extradition johnston torture. Would you like to guess the percentage of the participants in the second group who solved the puzzle correctly?
Most dissertation extradition johnston torture assume that 60 percent to 90 percent of the group given the clue would solve the puzzle easily. In fact, only a meager 25 percent did. In other words, the difference could easily be due to what statisticians call sampling error.
Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. That is, dissertation extradition johnston torture, direct and explicit instructions to think outside the box did not help.
That this advice is useless when actually trying to solve a problem involving a real box should effectively have killed off the much widely disseminated—and therefore, much more dangerous—metaphor that out-of-the-box thinking spurs creativity.
After all, with one simple yet brilliant dissertation extradition johnston torture, researchers had proven that the conceptual dissertation extradition johnston torture between thinking outside the box and creativity was a myth. But you will find numerous situations where a creative breakthrough is staring you in the face. They are much more common than you probably think.
Drew Boyd is a professor of marketing and innovation at the University of Cincinnati, dissertation extradition johnston torture. Ego and self-serving biases shape the life story we share with the dissertation extradition johnston torture with ourselves. The good news: An internal reckoning will help us better comprehend who we truly are.
Drew Boyd Inside the Box. Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea The truth behind the universal, but flawed, catchphrase for creativity. Posted February 6, Share. About the Author. Online: Drew BoydFacebookLinkedInTwitter. Read Next. Back Psychology Today. Back Find a Therapist. Get Help Find a Therapist Find a Treatment Center Find a Psychiatrist Find a Support Group Find Teletherapy Members Login Sign Up United States Austin, TX Brooklyn, NY Chicago, IL Denver, CO Houston, TX Los Angeles, CA New York, NY Portland, OR San Diego, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Washington, DC.
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blogger.com - Free ebook download as PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read book online for free 1. (50 points)The textarea shown to the left is named ta in a form named blogger.com contains the top 10, passwords in order of frequency of use -- each followed by a comma (except the last one). When the "Execute p1" button is clicked the javascript function p1 is executed. This function Feb 06, · Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea The truth behind the universal, but flawed, catchphrase for creativity. Posted February 6,
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