PSY - ‘I LUV IT’ M/V @ blogger.com - ‘New Face’ M/V @blogger.com - 8TH ALBUM '4X2=8' on iTunes @blogger.com Paris (French pronunciation: ()) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,, residents as of , in an area of more than square kilometres (41 square miles). Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, science, and arts Fashion. Dior Heralds Christmas. Slowly but surely the Christmas season is unfolding in Paris’ shopwindows. As such, Dior has revealed their annual window decorations – this year, the prestigious vitrines of the Avenue Montaigne flagship store are brought to life with scenes of Greek mythology
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The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the region and province of Île-de-Franceor Paris Region, which has an estimated population of 12,, or about 18 percent of the population of France as of [update]. Paris is a major railway, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris—Charles de Gaulle the second-busiest airport in Europe and Paris—Orly. Gare du Nord is the 24th-busiest railway station in the world, but the busiest located outside Japan, with million passengers in The Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe.
The Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of two noted Parisians. The historical writing dissertation 7th arrondissement along the Seine in the city centre has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since ; popular landmarks there include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris on the Île de la Citénow closed for renovation after the 15 April fire.
Other popular tourist sites include the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapellealso on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Towerconstructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of ; the Grand Palais and Petit Palaisbuilt for the Paris Universal Exposition of ; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élyséesand the hill of Montmartre with its artistic history and its Basilica of Sacré-Coeur, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement.
Paris received The number of foreign visitors declined by The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 80,seat Stade de Francebuilt for the FIFA World Cupis located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis.
Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. The city hosted the Olympic Games writing dissertation 7th arrondissementand will host the Summer Olympics.
The and FIFA World Cupsthe Rugby World Cupas well as theand UEFA European Championships were also held in the city. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The ancient oppidum that corresponds to the modern city of Paris was first mentioned in the mid-1st century BC by Julius Caesar as Luteciam Parisiorum ' Lutetia of the Parisii 'and is later attested as Parision in the 5th century AD, then as Paris in The name Paris is derived from its early inhabitants, the Parisii Gaulish: Parisioia Gallic tribe from the Iron Age and the Roman period.
According to Xavier Delamarreit may derive from the Celtic root pario- 'cauldron'. Paris is often referred to as the 'City of Light' La Ville Lumière[23] both because of its leading role during the Age of Enlightenment and more literally because Paris was one of the first large European cities to use gas street lighting on a grand scale on its boulevards writing dissertation 7th arrondissement monuments.
Gas lights were installed writing dissertation 7th arrondissement the Place du Carrouselwriting dissertation 7th arrondissement, Rue de Rivoli and Place Vendome in Bythe Grand boulevards were lit.
Inhabitants are known in English as "Parisians" and in French as Parisiens [paʁizjɛ̃] listen. They are also pejoratively called Parigots [paʁiɡo] listen. The Parisiia sub-tribe of the Celtic Senonesinhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. The Romans conquered the Paris Basin writing dissertation 7th arrondissement 52 BC and began their settlement on Paris's Left Bank.
It became a prosperous city with a forum, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheatre. By the end of the Western Roman Empirethe town was known as Parisiusa Latin name that would later become Paris in French. Clovis the Frankthe first king of writing dissertation 7th arrondissement Merovingian dynastymade the city his capital from Fortification of the Île de la Cité failed to avert sacking by Vikings inbut Paris's strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris writing dissertation 7th arrondissementfor which the then Count of Paris comte de ParisOdo of Francewas elected king of West Francia.
By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. Induring the reign of Louis VIIMaurice de Sullywriting dissertation 7th arrondissement, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity.
After the marshland between the river Seine and its slower 'dead arm' to its north was filled in from around the 10th century, [39] Paris's cultural centre began to move to the Right Bank. Ina new city marketplace today's Les Halles replaced the two smaller ones on the Île de la Cité and Place de la Grève Place de l'Hôtel de Ville. In the late 12th century, Philip Augustus extended the Louvre fortress to defend the city against river invasions from the west, gave the city its first walls between andrebuilt its bridges to either side of its central island, and paved its main thoroughfares.
Withinhabitants inParis, then already the capital of France, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, was the most populous city of Europe. By comparison, London in had 80, inhabitants. During the Hundred Years' WarParis was occupied by England-friendly Burgundian forces frombefore being occupied outright by the English when Henry V of England entered the French capital in ; [44] in spite of a effort by Joan of Arc to liberate the city, [45] it would remain under English occupation until In the late 16th-century French Wars of ReligionParis was a stronghold of the Catholic Leaguethe organisers of 24 August St.
Bartholomew's Day massacre in which thousands of French Protestants were killed. This king made several improvements writing dissertation 7th arrondissement the capital during his reign: he completed the construction of Paris's first uncovered, sidewalk-lined bridge, the Pont Neufbuilt a Louvre extension connecting it to the Tuileries Palaceand created the first Paris residential square, the Place Royale, now Place des Vosges. In spite of Henry IV's efforts to improve city circulation, the narrowness of Paris's streets was a contributing factor in his assassination near Les Halles marketplace in During the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieuchief minister of Louis XIIIwas determined to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe.
He built five new bridges, a new chapel for the College of Sorbonneand a palace for himself, the Palais-Cardinalwhich he bequeathed to Louis XIII. After Richelieu's death init was renamed the Palais-Royal.
Due to the Parisian uprisings during the Fronde civil war, Louis XIV moved his court to a new palace, Versaillesin Although no longer the capital of France, arts and sciences in the city flourished with the Comédie-Françaisethe Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences. To demonstrate that the city was safe from attack, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, the king had the city walls demolished and replaced with tree-lined boulevards that would become the Grands Boulevards of today.
Paris grew in population from aboutwriting dissertation 7th arrondissement toin Paris was the centre of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity known as the Age of Enlightenment. Diderot and d'Alembert published their Encyclopédie inand the Montgolfier Brothers launched the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon on 21 Novemberfrom the gardens of the Château de la Muette.
Paris was the financial capital of continental Europe, the writing dissertation 7th arrondissement European centre of book publishing and fashion and the manufacture of fine furniture and luxury goods. In the summer ofParis became the centre stage for the French Revolution.
On 14 July, a mob seized writing dissertation 7th arrondissement arsenal at the Invalidesacquiring thousands of guns, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, and stormed the Bastillea symbol of royal authority. The first independent Paris Communeor city council, met in the Hôtel de Ville and, on 15 July, elected a Mayorthe astronomer Jean Sylvain Bailly.
Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. Inas the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined executed in the Reign of Terroralong with more than 16, others throughout France. The population of Paris had dropped byduring the Revolution, but between andit surged withnew residents, reachingHe began erecting monuments to military glory, including the Arc de Triompheand improved the neglected infrastructure of the city with new fountains, the Canal de l'OurcqPère Lachaise Cemetery and the city's first metal bridge, the Pont des Arts.
During the Restorationthe bridges and squares of Paris were returned to their pre-Revolution names; the July Revolution in commemorated by the July Column on the Place de la Bastille brought a constitutional monarch, Louis Philippe Ito power. The first railway line to Paris opened inbeginning a new period of massive migration from the provinces to the city.
His successor, Napoleon IIIalongside the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmannlaunched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueducts, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, sewers and parks, including the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes. During the Franco-Prussian War —Paris was besieged by the Prussian Army.
After months writing dissertation 7th arrondissement blockade, hunger, and then bombardment by the Prussians, the city was forced to surrender on writing dissertation 7th arrondissement January On 28 March, a revolutionary government called the Paris Commune seized power in Paris. The Commune held power for two months, until it was harshly suppressed by the French army during the " Bloody Week " at the end of May Late in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the Universal Expositionwas held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the Universal Expositionwriting dissertation 7th arrondissement, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre IIIthe Grand Palaisthe Petit Palais and the first Paris Métro line.
Bythe population of Paris had grown to about 2, It was the birthplace of FauvismCubism and abstract art[67] [68] and authors such as Marcel Proust were exploring new writing dissertation 7th arrondissement to literature. During the First World WarParis sometimes found itself on the front line; to 1, Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6, soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne.
The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range guns. In the years after the peace conferencethe city was also home to growing numbers of students and activists from French colonies and other Asian and African countries, who later became leaders of their countries, such as Ho Chi MinhZhou Enlai and Léopold Sédar Senghor.
On 14 Junethe German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an " open city ". None of the children came back. General Charles de Gaulle led a huge and emotional crowd down the Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris, and made a rousing speech from the Hôtel de Ville.
In the s and the s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in Augustthe pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria who, at that time, were French citizens.
On 17 Octoberan unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against the curfew led to violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators, in which at least 40 people were killed, including some thrown into the Seine. The anti-independence Organisation armée secrète OASfor their part, carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout and In Mayprotesting students occupied the Sorbonne and put up barricades in the Latin Quarter.
Thousands of Parisian blue-collar workers joined the students, and the movement grew into a two-week general strike.
Supporters of the government won the June elections by a large majority. The May events in France resulted in the break-up of the University of Paris into 13 independent campuses.
It was highly controversial, and it remains the only building in the centre of the city over 32 storeys high. Most of the postwar's Presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges PompidouValéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay ; President François Mitterrandin power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille —the new site of the Bibliothèque nationale de Francethe Arche de la Défense —and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard — ; Jacques Chiracthe Musée du quai Branly.
In the early 21st writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, the population of Paris began to increase slowly again, as more young people moved into the city. It reached 2. In Marchwriting dissertation 7th arrondissement, Bertrand Delanoë became the first Socialist Mayor of Paris. Inin an effort to reduce car traffic in the city, he introduced the Vélib'a system which rents bicycles for the use of local residents and visitors. Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the Left Bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seinewhich he inaugurated in June InPresident Nicolas Sarkozy launched the Grand Paris project, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, to integrate Paris more closely with the towns in the region around it.
After many modifications, the new area, named the Metropolis of Grand Pariswith a population of 6. In JanuaryAl-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula claimed attacks across the Paris region. Paris is located in northern central Writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine whose crest includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Citéwhich form the oldest part of the city.
The river's mouth on the English Channel La Manche is about mi km downstream from the city. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at m ft. Excluding the outlying writing dissertation 7th arrondissement of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincenneswriting dissertation 7th arrondissement, Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km 2 34 sq mi in area, enclosed by the 35 km 22 mi ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique.
From the area of 78 km 2 30 sq miwriting dissertation 7th arrondissement, the city limits were expanded marginally to Inthe Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were officially annexed to the writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, bringing its area to about km 2 41 sq mi.
Measured from the 'point zero' in front of its Notre-Dame cathedralParis by road is kilometres mi southeast of London, writing dissertation 7th arrondissement, kilometres mi south of Calaiskilometres mi southwest of Brusselskilometres mi north of Marseillekilometres mi northeast of Nantesand kilometres 84 mi southeast of Rouen.
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Fashion. Dior Heralds Christmas. Slowly but surely the Christmas season is unfolding in Paris’ shopwindows. As such, Dior has revealed their annual window decorations – this year, the prestigious vitrines of the Avenue Montaigne flagship store are brought to life with scenes of Greek mythology Orson Scott Card's The Last Shadow is the long-awaited conclusion to both the original Ender series and the Ender's Shadow series, as the children of Ender and Bean solve the great problem of the Ender Universe—the deadly virus they call the descolada, which is incurable and will kill all of humanity if it is allowed to escape from Lusitania. One planet Please contact this domain's administrator as their DNS Made Easy services have expired
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