Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July – 23 September ), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda (/ n ə ˈ r uː d ə /; Spanish: [ˈpaβlo neˈɾuða]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old, and wrote in a variety of styles, including Aug 22, · Introduction. Education is an important medium of acquiring essential knowledge and skills. It is more than just learning from books. It is an effort of the older generation to transfer their life wisdom to their offspring Learn about collecting fine art, jewelry, wine, decorative objects and more with the Art People at Christie's
Pablo Neruda - Wikipedia
Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old, and wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, overtly political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair Neruda occupied many diplomatic positions in various countries during his lifetime and served a term as a Senator for the Chilean Communist Party.
When President Gabriel González Videla outlawed communism in Chile ina warrant was issued for Neruda's arrest. Friends hid him for months in the basement of a house in the port city of Valparaísoand in he escaped through a mountain pass near Maihue Lake into Argentina; he would not return to Chile for more than three years. He was a close advisor to Chile's socialist President Salvador Allendeand, when he got back to Chile after accepting his Nobel Prize in StockholmAllende invited him to read pablo picasso essay the Estadio Nacional before 70, people.
Neruda was hospitalized with cancer in Septemberat the time of the coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet that overthrew Allende's government, but returned home after a few days when he suspected a doctor of injecting him with an unknown substance for the purpose of murdering him on Pinochet's orders. Although it was long reported that he died of heart failure, pablo picasso essay, the Interior Ministry of the Chilean government issued a statement in acknowledging a Ministry document indicating the government's official position that "it was clearly possible and highly likely" that Neruda was killed as a result of "the intervention of third parties".
It was concluded that he was suffering from prostate cancer. Neruda is often considered the national poet of Chile, and his works have been popular and influential worldwide.
The Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez once called him "the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language", [7] and the critic Harold Bloom included Neruda as one of the writers central to the Western tradition in his book The Western Canon.
Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto was born on 12 Julyin Parral, Chile[8] a city in Linares Provincenow part of pablo picasso essay greater Maule Regionsome km south of Santiago[9] his father José del Carmen Reyes Morales, was a railway employee, and his mother Rosa Neftalí Basoalto Opazo, pablo picasso essay, a school teacher with Jewish roots, who died two months after he was born. Soon after her death, Reyes moved to Temucowhere he married a woman, Trinidad Candia Malverde, with whom he had another child born nine years earlier, a boy named Rodolfo de la Rosa, pablo picasso essay.
something started in pablo picasso essay soul, fever or forgotten wings, and I made my own way, deciphering that fire and wrote the first faint line, faint without substance, pure nonsense, pure wisdom, of someone who knows nothing, pablo picasso essay suddenly I saw the heavens unfastened and open.
From "Poetry", pablo picasso essay, Memorial de Isla Negra Alastair Reid. Neruda's father opposed his son's interest in writing and literature, but he received encouragement from others, including the future Nobel Prize winner Gabriela Mistralwho headed the local school.
On 18 Julyat the age of thirteen, he published his first work, an essay titled "Entusiasmo y perseverancia" "Enthusiasm and Perseverance" in the local daily newspaper La Mañanaand signed it Neftalí Reyes. Inhe participated in the literary contest Juegos Florales del Maule and won third place for his poem "Comunión ideal" or "Nocturno ideal". By mid, pablo picasso essay, when he adopted the pseudonym Pablo Neruda, pablo picasso essay, he was a published author of poems, prose, and journalism.
He is thought to have derived his pen name from the Czech poet Jan Neruda[16] [17] [18] though other sources say the true inspiration was Moravian violinist Wilma Nerudawhich name appears in Arthur Conan Doyle's novel A Study in Scarlet.
Inat the age of 16, Neruda moved to Santiago [14] to study French at the Universidad de Chilewith the intention of becoming a teacher. However, he was soon devoting all his time to writing poems and pablo picasso essay the help of well-known writer Eduardo Barrios[21] he managed to meet and impress Don Carlos George Nascimento, the most important publisher in Chile at the time.
Inhis first volume of verse, Crepusculario Book of Twilightswas published by Editorial Nascimento, followed the next year by Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada Twenty Love Poems and A Desperate Song[14] a collection of love poems that was controversial for its eroticism, especially considering its author's young age, pablo picasso essay. Both works were critically acclaimed and have been translated into many languages.
Over the decades, Veinte poemas sold millions of copies and became Neruda's best-known work, though a second edition did not appear until Almost one hundred years later, Veinte Poemas still retains its place as the best-selling poetry book pablo picasso essay the Spanish language. Inhe published the collection Tentativa del hombre infinito The Attempt of the Infinite Man and the novel El habitante y su esperanza The Inhabitant and His Hope, pablo picasso essay.
Rangoon was a place he had never heard of before. After returning to Chile, Neruda was given diplomatic posts in Buenos Aires and then BarcelonaSpain. She was plagued with severe health problems, especially suffering from hydrocephalus. During this period, Neruda became estranged from his wife and instead pablo picasso essay a relationship with Delia del Carril [ es ]an aristocratic Argentine artist who was twenty years his senior.
As Spain became engulfed in civil warNeruda became intensely politicised for the first time. His experiences during the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath moved him away from privately focused work in the direction of collective obligation.
Neruda became an ardent Pablo picasso essay for the rest of his life. The radical leftist politics of his literary friends, as well as that of del Carril, were contributing factors, but the most important catalyst was the execution of García Lorca by forces loyal to the dictator Francisco Franco. He lost his post as consul due to his political militancy. Neruda's marriage to Vogelzang broke pablo picasso essay and Neruda eventually obtained a divorce in Mexico in His estranged wife moved to Monte Carlo to escape the hostilities in Spain and then to the Netherlands with their very ill only child, and he never saw either of them again.
Following the election of Pedro Aguirre Cerda whom Neruda supported as President of Chile inNeruda was appointed special Consul for Spanish emigrants in Paris. There he was responsible for what he called "the noblest mission I have ever undertaken": transporting 2, Spanish refugees who had been housed by the French in squalid camps to Chile on an old ship called the Winnipeg.
Others deny these accusations, pointing out that Neruda chose only a few hundred of the 2, refugees personally; the rest were selected by the Service for the Evacuation pablo picasso essay Spanish Refugees set up by Pablo picasso essay NegrínPresident of the Spanish Republican Government in Exile. Neruda's next diplomatic post was as Consul General in Mexico City from to Inafter the failure of an assassination attempt against Leon TrotskyNeruda arranged a Chilean visa for the Mexican painter David Alfaro Siqueiroswho was accused of having been one of the conspirators in the assassination.
This enabled Siqueiros, then jailed, to leave Mexico for Chile, pablo picasso essay, where he stayed in Neruda's private residence. In exchange for Neruda's assistance, Siqueiros spent over a year painting a mural in a school in Chillán. Neruda's relationship pablo picasso essay Siqueiros attracted criticism, but Neruda dismissed the allegation that his intent had been to help an assassin as "sensationalist politico-literary harassment".
Inafter his return to Chile, Neruda made a tour of Perupablo picasso essay, where he visited Machu Picchu[39] an experience that later inspired Alturas de Macchu Picchu pablo picasso essay, a book-length poem in twelve parts that he completed in and which expressed his growing awareness of, and interest in, the ancient civilizations of the Americas. He explored this theme further in Canto General In AlturasNeruda celebrated the achievement of Machu Picchu, but also condemned the slavery that had made it pablo picasso essay. In Canto XIIhe called upon the dead of many centuries to be born again and to speak through him.
Martín Espadapoet and professor of creative writing at the University of Massachusetts Amhersthas hailed the work as a masterpiece, declaring that "there is no greater political poem". Bolstered by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, Neruda, like many left-leaning intellectuals of his generation, came to admire the Soviet Union of Joseph Stalinpartly for the role it played in defeating Nazi Germany and partly because of an idealist interpretation of Marxist doctrine.
InNeruda was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize. Upon Stalin's death that same year, Neruda wrote an ode to him, as he also wrote poems in praise of Fulgencio Batista"Saludo a Batista" "Salute to Batista"and later to Fidel Castro. His fervent Stalinism eventually drove a wedge between Neruda and his long-time friend Octavio Pazwho commented that "Neruda became more and more Stalinist, while I became less and less enchanted with Stalin.
Although Paz still considered Neruda "The greatest poet of his generation", in an essay on Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn he wrote that when he thinks of "Neruda and other famous Stalinist writers and poets, I feel the gooseflesh that I get from reading certain passages of the Inferno.
No doubt they began in good faith [ Neruda also called Vladimir Lenin the "great genius of this century", and in a speech he gave on 5 Junehe paid tribute to the late Soviet leader Mikhail Kalininwho for Neruda was "man of noble life", "the great constructor of the future", and "a comrade in arms of Lenin and Stalin".
Neruda later came to regret his fondness for the Soviet Union, explaining that "in those days, pablo picasso essay, Stalin seemed to us the conqueror who had crushed Hitler 's armies. Anxious not to give ammunition to his ideological enemies, he would later refuse publicly to condemn the Soviet repression of dissident writers like Boris Pasternak and Joseph Brodskyan attitude with which even some of his staunchest admirers disagreed.
On 4 MarchNeruda was elected a Communist Senator for the northern provinces of Antofagasta and Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert. González Videla was supported by a coalition of left-wing parties and Neruda fervently campaigned on his behalf. Once in office, however, pablo picasso essay, González Videla turned against the Communist Party and issued the Ley de Defensa Pablo picasso essay de la Democracia Law of Permanent Defense of the Democracy.
The breaking point pablo picasso essay Senator Neruda was the violent repression of a Communist-led miners' strike in Lota in Octoberwhen striking workers were herded into island military prisons and a concentration camp pablo picasso essay the town of Pisagua. Neruda's criticism of González Videla culminated in a dramatic speech in the Chilean senate on 6 Januarywhich became known as "Yo acuso" "I accuse"in the course of which he read out the names of the miners and their families who were imprisoned at the concentration camp.
In Neruda was present as Fidel Castro was honored at a welcoming ceremony offered by the Central University of Venezuela where he spoke to a massive gathering of students and read his Canto a Bolivar, pablo picasso essay.
Luis Báez summarized what Neruda said: pablo picasso essay this painful and victorious hour that the peoples of America live, my poem with changes of place, can be understood directed to Fidel Castro, because in the struggles for freedom the fate of a Man to give confidence to the spirit of greatness in the history of our peoples". During the late s, Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges was asked for his opinion of Pablo Neruda.
Borges stated, "I think of him as a very fine poet, a very fine poet. I don't admire him as a man, I think of him as a very mean man. So I felt he was behaving pablo picasso essay wisely in avoiding a meeting that would have been quite uncomfortable for both of us. A few weeks after his "Yo acuso" speech infinding himself threatened with arrest, Neruda went into hiding and he and his wife were smuggled from house to house hidden by supporters and admirers for the next thirteen months.
Neruda later moved to Valdiviapablo picasso essay, in southern Chile. From Valdivia he moved to Fundo Huishuea forestry estate in the vicinity of Huishue Lake. Neruda's life underground ended in March when he fled over the Lilpela Pass in the Andes Mountains to Argentina on horseback. He would dramatically recount his escape from Chile in his Nobel Prize lecture.
Once out of Chile, he spent the next three years in exile. His trip to Mexico in late was lengthened due to a serious bout of phlebitis. Matilde Urrutia was the muse for Los versos del capitána book of poetry which Neruda later published anonymously in from "Full Woman, Fleshly Apple, Hot Moon" Full woman, fleshly apple, hot moon, thick smell of seaweed, crushed mud and light, what obscure brilliance opens between your columns?
Pablo picasso essay ancient night does a man touch with his senses? Loving is a journey with water and with stars, with smothered air and abrupt storms of flour: loving is a clash of lightning-bolts and two bodies defeated by a single drop of honey.
From "Full Woman, Fleshly Apple, pablo picasso essay, Hot Moon", Selected Poems translated by Stephen Mitchell [53], pablo picasso essay. While in Mexico, Neruda also published his lengthy epic poem Canto Generala Whitmanesque catalog of the history, geography, pablo picasso essay, and flora and fauna of South America, accompanied by Neruda's observations and experiences, pablo picasso essay.
Many of them dealt with his time underground in Chile, pablo picasso essay is when he composed much of the pablo picasso essay. In fact, pablo picasso essay, he had carried the manuscript with him during his escape on horseback.
A month later, a different edition of five thousand copies was boldly published in Chile by the outlawed Communist Party based on a manuscript Neruda had left behind. In Mexico, he was granted honorary Mexican citizenship. Bythe González Videla government was on its last legs, weakened by corruption scandals.
The Chilean Socialist Party was in the process of nominating Salvador Allende as its candidate for the September pablo picasso essay elections and was keen to have the presence of Neruda, by now Chile's pablo picasso essay prominent left-wing literary figure, to support the campaign. Del Carril eventually learned of his affair with Matilde Urrutia and he sent her back to Chile in By this time, pablo picasso essay, Neruda enjoyed worldwide fame as a poet, and his books were being translated into virtually all the major languages of the world.
for its involvement in the Vietnam War. But being one of the most prestigious and outspoken left-wing intellectuals alive, he also attracted opposition from ideological opponents. The Congress for Cultural Freedoman anti-communist organization covertly established and funded by the U.
Central Intelligence Agencyadopted Neruda as one of its primary targets and launched a campaign to undermine his pablo picasso essay, reviving the old claim that he had been an accomplice in the attack on Leon Trotsky in Mexico Pablo picasso essay in InNeruda was invited to attend an International PEN conference in New Pablo picasso essay City.
because he was a communist, but the conference organizer, playwright Arthur Millereventually prevailed upon the Johnson Administration to grant Neruda a visa. Due to the presence of many Eastern Bloc writers, Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes later wrote that the PEN conference marked a "beginning of the end" of the Cold War.
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