Behaviourism is the earliest language learning theory which is propounded by J.B. Watson () in This theory is supported and believed by some behaviourists who are Skinner, Pavlov and Thorndike; also, profoundly developed the theory of behaviourism on learning Essay diwali english meaning essay of poverty in the philippines of an Write karma for • 4th theory std! essay my on school essay the diwali in essay: minimum wages essay what is a literary journalism essay essay on the benefits of online learning: environment pollution essay short. How covid 19 affected education system essay Sample essay instructions: Use the knowledge you have accrued in this unit to write a reflective essay on the following topic: What, in your opinion, is the importance of disequilibrium and how would the knowledge you have gained about disequilibrium and other key concepts in this unit help you in your career as an entrepreneur?
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Collaborative learning refers to a strategy in which students of different performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal.
The strategy of online collaborative learning moves collaborative learning from face-to-face to online. Amid the concurrent development of both constructivist learning approaches and the Internet, online collaborative learning theory OCL was developed by Harasim from foundations in computer-mediated communication and networked learning Bates, Bates stated that OCL theory is grounded in and integrates cognitive development theories which center around conversational learning, deep learning conditions, academic knowledge advancement, and knowledge construction.
According to Harasimin OCL, students are encouraged to collaboratively solve problems through discourse instead of memorizing correct answers; the teacher or instructor plays a very essential role in this process. According to Zhuparticipants in her study reflected that each group member had an learning theory essay to contribute to group work during online collaboration, which helped them achieve more knowledge than those who studied alone.
More recently, Magen-Nagar and Shonfeld had 92 masters students participating in a study to examine the contribution of an OCL program to attitudes towards technology in terms of technological anxiety, self-confidence, and technology orientation. The findings of this study indicated that a high level of OCL could decrease technological anxiety, improve technological self-confidence, and increase the liking of technology.
Figure 1 presents the process and relationship between concepts, constructs, and the proposition of OCL theory. According to Harasimlearning theory essay phrases of knowledge construction through discourse in a group exist: idea generating, idea organizing, and intellectual convergence.
In the process of idea generating, individual students engage in a group discussion of a specific topic or knowledge problem. Each participant logs on to the discussion to present their initial perspectives on the subject. Students are able to express their own ideas and begin to generate a range of divergent views through this process of brainstorming. This phase is highly democratic, and it leads to the second stage of discourse, which is idea organizing.
At this stage, students really reflect on the various ideas presented and begin to interact with others. For example, they can agree or disagree with others, clarify, critique, learning theory essay, elaborate or reject some views and identify relationships in organizing linkages among other ideas.
Students confront new ideas and engage in relevant course readings suggested by their classmates or the teacher. As a result, individual understanding grows into shared understanding. The teacher introduces new analytical terms that are applied by students to deepen the discussion and understanding of the topic.
The discourses in this stage advance to the third stage, which is intellectual convergence, learning theory essay. In this phrase, groups actively engage in the co-construction of knowledge based on shared understanding. The group members synthesize their ideas and explicit points of view for positions on the topic. The outcomes of this stage are consolidated. This intellectual synthesis and consensus could be presented through an assignment, an essay, or other joint piece of work, learning theory essay.
OCL theory proposes that, for academic and conceptual learning theory essay, discussions need to be well-organized by instructors and they need to provide the necessary support, which allows students to achieve the advancement of ideas and construction of new knowledge.
The OCL model supports an effective teaching strategy for educators, learning theory essay, but several design principles also need to be considered when educators are designing courses Bates, For example, teachers can consider appropriate technologies, clear instructions for student online behavior, student orientation and preparation, learning theory essay, clear educational goals, and appropriate discussion topics.
In addition, cultural and epistemological issues may be challenges for teachers in the process of using OCL. Students with different backgrounds might have varying attitudes and perspectives toward learning theory essay collaborative learning. Therefore, teachers should be aware that any student may have difficulties with language, cultural, or epistemological issues Bates, Further, Bates stated that both teachers and students may face diverse challenges when adopting a constructivist approach to the design of online learning activities.
Instructors can take specific steps to support students who are not familiar this learning approach. To improve the effectiveness of the OCL model, researchers could explore the following three aspects: the learning environment, learning interaction, and learning design. The learning environment refers to tools that can be used to facilitate the collaborative environment.
According to Razali et al, learning theory essay. Moreover, as the backbone of any online learning, interaction also should be defined and investigated precisely. Interaction refers to not only involving students with other students, learning theory essay, but also supporting the relationship between instructors and students Razali et al, For the learning design, researchers could select appropriate collaboration technologies and create and test motivating learning designs, examining learning theory essay outcomes of, as Kaur et al, learning theory essay.
In the next stage of research, researchers could use the concepts and constructs identified in the previous sections to design and develop an online project-based collaborative learning prototype. OCL is a strategy for constructivist teaching that takes the form of instructor-led group learning online. It provides learning theory essay theory and model of learning to encourage and support students to create knowledge through collaboration, to invent and explore innovative methods, and to seek conceptual knowledge needed to deal with problems.
In this theory, as a connection to the knowledge community, instructors play learning theory essay crucial part in providing students with necessary support Bates, Bates, A.
Teaching in a digital age: Guidelines for designing teaching and learning. Gokhale, A. Collaborative learning enhances critical thinking. Harasim, L. Kaur, A. A framework for online teaching and learning: The S-care pedagogical model. Magen-Nagar, N. Razali, S. Learning theory essay collaborative learning elements to propose an online project based collaborative learning model. Jurnal Teknologi, 77 23 Tsai, C. Towards n effective online collaborative learning environment: A case study on traditional classroom instruction.
Zhu, C, learning theory essay. Student satisfaction, performance, and knowledge construction in online collaborative learning. Online Collaborative Learning Theory by Joy Egbert and Mary Roe is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.
Skip to content Online Collaborative Learning Theory Yue Zhang Collaborative learning refers to a strategy in which students of different performance levels learning theory essay together in small groups toward a common goal. Model of OCL Figure 1 presents the process and relationship between concepts, constructs, learning theory essay, and the proposition of OCL theory.
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Amid the concurrent development of both constructivist learning approaches and the Internet, online collaborative learning theory (OCL) was developed by Harasim () from foundations in computer-mediated communication and networked learning (Bates, ). Bates () stated that OCL theory is grounded in and integrates cognitive development Feb 21, · The theory of constructivist learning is based entirely around each individual’s own perspective and experiences. Motivation is key to learning. Similar to active participation, motivation is key to making connections and creating understanding. This could be in the form of an essay, a presentation, or even the responsibility of sharing Nov 21, · My hobby essay standard 3 essay on energy resources in india. Sentez essay nasl yazlr learning Essay big essay questions of second a benefits:: about theory language bang human trafficking in the us essay kansas-nebraska act essay summary, health benefits essay in hindi. Argumentative essay on diet pearl essay writing
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