Words: Length: 5 Pages Topic: Psychology Paper #: Bipolar Disorder: Genetics, Environment and Remedies According to the American Family Physician journal, "Bipolar Disorder is an illness that causes extreme mood swings. This condition Bipolar Disorder research papers on psychological disorders can be custom written for college and university students. Bipolar disorder research papers point out that the disease affects nearly one percent of the United States population. Since this is such a prolific psychological disorder, bipolar disorder research papers will want to include elements of the disease and its subcategories Jan 29, · The paper will briefly outline key terms and conditions of bipolar disorder. The paper will additionally offer insight into the lives of people living with bipolar disorder providing commentary on the adjustments in life one must make to move forward, as well as commentary on some of the more popular treatments to assist with the symptoms of the disorder
Essay on Bipolar Disorder
We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it. Bioplar disorder paper of paper: Research Paper. Topic: Brainbioplar disorder paper, ExperienceMedicineDisordersBipolar DisorderNursingbioplar disorder paper, DepressionPatient. Depressive Disorders is an umbrella title for a varied range of disorders that include, major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorder I and II, and dysthymia.
Bipolar Disorder is a debilitating condition that has a lifetime prevelance of This paper hopes to expand your knowledge on the key characteristics of depressive disorders with a specific emphasis on bipolar disorder.
Depression and mania have been written about many times throughout the course of mans history on earth. As humans, bioplar disorder paper, we have a variety of moods. We are never just purely happy or purely sad, our moods have a wide spectrum of changes, but for the most part, people say that they feel like they are in control of their moods and feelings.
Bipolar disorder can be defined in a patient who has both episodes of mania and bioplar disorder paper or in patients who experience manic episodes alone. These symptoms have to last for at least a week.
During manic episodes, because of the intense feelings of these patients, they may get involved in promiscuous behavior, become violent, or spend excess amounts of money. When the manic episode goes away, and the patient enters the depressive stage, the weight of all the bad decisions they made further depresses them. In the United States Bipolar disorder affects approximately 1. Evidence has shown a strong genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder.
In a study by Sklar et al. MYO5B is a gene that codes for a protein known myosin that is involved in structures of the brain. Myosins are used to transport proteins in neurons, and MYO5B is specifically used for vesicular trafficking. MYO5B also seems to have a regulatory effect on EGFR, which has an effect on downstream signaling pathways of the body.
Further study is needed to understand the genes and the exact association between them and bipolar disorder. Pathophysiological research has shown that changes to the function of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are associated with bipolar disorder. Lower levels of the precursor to acetylcholine, choline, were reported in the red blood cells of people suffering from bipolar disorder especially in people where they have a history of manic episodes.
In people that suffer from predominantly depression research has shown that they have lower levels of homovanillic acid in their cerebrospinal fluid Müller — Oerlinghaused, Berghöfer, and Bauer, Until recently the brain could only be studied during autopsy, however the use of computed axial tomography CAT and magnetic resonance imaging MRI have revolutionized the ability to view the living brain in a non-invasive yet sensitive manner.
In depressive disorders in the subcortical regions of the brain, such as the basal ganglia and the thalamus, there is an increased frequency of abnormal hyper intensities, bioplar disorder paper. More recently positron emission tomography PET scanning has shown a decrease in brain metabolism of the frontal brain. Psychosocial factors also effect the development of depressive disorders. One theory proposes that stressful life events can alter the brain biology such that neurotransmitters can be affected as well as neuronal pathways; this leads to the idea that the person is at a higher risk of developing another episode without an external stimulus.
Psychodynamic factors are the psychological forces that underlie human behavior. In mania, most theories suggest that it is a defense mechanism against depression, bioplar disorder paper. The diagnosis for bipolar disorder by the DSM-IV requires a distinct manic episode for at least one week. Diagnosis also varies for bipolar disorder with a single manic episode vs. bipolar disorder with recurrent bioplar disorder paper of mania. For the diagnosis of bioplar disorder paper disorder I, bioplar disorder paper, with a single manic episode the patient must be currently in the bioplar disorder paper state.
This is due to the fact that patients bioplar disorder paper are experiencing bipolar disorder in their depressive state cannot be differentiated from those bioplar disorder paper my major depressive disorder.
Other specific features that can appear in bipolar disorder include, psychotic features, catatonic features, and woman that have post partum onset, bioplar disorder paper. Besides the mood stabilizing or antidepressant drugs that the patient would be on, patients that experience psychotic episodes also need to be put on antipsychotic drugs.
Catatonic features include extreme withdrawal, negativism, and severely decreased psychomotor function. While some doctors associate catatonic features with bipolar disorder other doctors do not like to associate them because there is a clear distinction between how a patient acts with catatonic features and a person experiencing a manic episodes.
Bioplar disorder paper partum onset is usually associated with psychotic features and its onset must occur within the first 4 weeks after the birth. Rapid cycling as defined by the DSM-IV is the appearance of atleast 4 major depressive, manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes in the previous year in a person diagnosed with bipolar I or II.
Each episode has to be separated by either two full months of complete remission or a switch of mood to the extreme opposite Maj, bioplar disorder paper, Rapid cycling appears most often in women, and is extremely refractive to treatment.
Lithium can help in the acute attack, but can also used for the prevention of further manic episodes, and to some degree recurrent episodes of depression. Lithium is given in as a loading dose, and then is used at a maintenance dose to keep blood levels constant. Effects may not be apparent for at least a week, so other drugs such as, benzodiazepines can be given to control agitation. Other treatments include, psychosocial therapy, cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, as well as vagal nerve stimulation.
Due to the increase in poor judgment and poor self control alcohol and substance abuse in common. Sklar P. J, Ferreira M. Molecular Psychiatry. The Lancet, Clinical factors in lithium carbonate prophylaxis failure. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Sadock B. New York, bioplar disorder paper. Psychiatric Times, 23, 9. Medscape Reference. Kasper D. McGraw Hill Bioplar disorder paper. We accept sample papers from students via the submission form.
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Works Cited Sklar P. Post Partum. United States. Cite this page Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Vancouver Chicago ASA IEEE AMA. Accessed 27 November Example Of Research Paper On Bipolar 1 Disorder. February Accessed November 27, Retrieved November 27, com, Feb Free Essay Examples - WowEssays.
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Management of Bipolar Disorder
, time: 55:54Bipolar 1 Disorder Research Paper Examples | WOW Essays
Bipolar Disorder research papers on psychological disorders can be custom written for college and university students. Bipolar disorder research papers point out that the disease affects nearly one percent of the United States population. Since this is such a prolific psychological disorder, bipolar disorder research papers will want to include elements of the disease and its subcategories Jan 29, · The paper will briefly outline key terms and conditions of bipolar disorder. The paper will additionally offer insight into the lives of people living with bipolar disorder providing commentary on the adjustments in life one must make to move forward, as well as commentary on some of the more popular treatments to assist with the symptoms of the disorder Feb 02, · According to the National Institution of Mental Habits, bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood changes, from manic episodes of intense energy, followed by extreme lows of depression. This essay sample have been written f or Estimated Reading Time: 5 mins
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